Outline for Chapter 20: Chemical Messengers

Chapter 19

1.  Hormones and Neurotransmitters

2.  Endocrine system, control of hormone release

3.  Types of hormones: (a) Polypeptide (b) Steroid (c) Amino acid derivatives

4.  Interaction of hormones with receptors,

5.  How hormones work: Epinepherine, role of second messenger cAMP

6.  Steriod hormones, derivatives of sex hormone: ethynyl estradiol and norethindrone (birth control pills); Mifepristone (RU-486)

7.  Nerve cell, transmission of nerve signal

8.  Acetylcholine, Examples of agonists and antagonists that act at synapse

9.  Histamine and Antihistamines

10.  Monoamine: Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

11.  Drugs that affect the concentration of neurotransmitters at synapses: (a) Tricyclic antidepressants (Elavil) prevent the reuptake of srotonin and norepinephrine; (b) MAO inhibitors (Nardil) inhibit the enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters; (c) SSRI antidepressants (Prozac) inhibit only the reuptake of serotonin.

11. Neuropeptides: Morphine, Enkephalin

12.  Drug discovery: Benzocaine, Novocaine, Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Chapter 21